The following is the exclusive world wide 20 year patent for XanGo
| United States Patent |
6,730,333
|
|
Garrity
, et al.
|
May 4, 2004
|
Nutraceutical mangosteen composition
Abstract
Nutraceutical compositions derived from the fruit of the Garcinia
mangostana L. or mangosteen plant are provided. The nutraceutical
mangosteen compositions employ novel combinations of mangosteen fruit pulp
and pericarp, and can be additionally complemented by selected juice
concentrates to yield a composition for improving general health and
wellness in humans.
| Inventors:
|
Garrity; Aaron R. (Pleasant Grove, UT);
Morton; Gordon A. (Springville, UT);
Morton; Joseph C. (Springville, UT)
|
| Assignee:
|
DBC, LLC (Draper, UT)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
283600 |
| Filed:
|
October 30, 2002 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
424/777; 424/725; 426/599 |
| Intern'l Class: |
A61K 035/78; A23L 002/00 |
| Field of Search: |
424/725,777
426/599
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
| 6159512 | Dec., 2000 | Reyes.
| |
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 8208501 | Aug., 1996 | JP.
| |
| 9110688 | Apr., 1997 | JP.
| |
Other References
www.mangoxan.com website reference titled "You've Just Discovered
MangoXan(TM)!" Downloaded (plus linker pages) in Apr. 2003 to Word
Document (enclosed), 13 pages.*
www.larsoncenturyranch.com/Health website reference titled "The Origins of
XanGo: Southeast Asia". Downloaded (plus linker pages) in Apr. 2003 to
Word Document, 3 pages.*
Nakatani et al., Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E.sub.2
synthesis by .gamma.-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6
rat glioma cells, 63 Biochemical Pharmacology, pp. 73-79 (2002).
Yaacob et al., Mangosteen cultivation, Plant Production and Protection
Paper, pp. 10-13 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)
(1995).
Duke et al., CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops, pp. 257-259 (CRC
Press) (1993).
Dahanukar et al., Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products,
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, p. S96 (2000).
Thai Medicinal Plants--Recommended for Primary Health Care System, pp.
160-162 (Norman Farnsworth ed., Medicinal Plant Information Center,
Thailand) (1992).
Jinsart et al., Inhibition of wheat embryo calcium-dependent protein kinase
and other kinases by mangostin and .gamma.-mangostin, 31 Phytochemistry
No. 11, pp. 3711-3713 (1992).
Kirtikar et al., Indian Medicinal Plants, pp. 261-262 (International Book
Distributors, India) (2d ed. 1999).
J.F. Caius, The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of India, pp. 430-431
(Scientific Publishers, India) (1986).
Du et al., A Research Note--Anthocyanins of mangosteen, Garcinia
mangostana, 42 Journal of Food Science No. 6, pp. 1667-1668 (1977).
Shankaranarayan et al., Pharmacological Profile of Mangostin and Its
Derivatives, 239 int. Pharmacodyn, pp. 257-269 (India) (1979).
Shankaranarayanan et al., Effects of Mangostin, a Xanthone from Garcinia
mangostana Linn, in Immunopathological and Inflammation Reactions, 18
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, pp. 843-846 (1980).
Chairungsrilerd et al., Mangostanol, A Prenyl Xanthone from Garcinia
mangostana, 43 Phytochemistry No. 5, pp. 1099-1102 (1996).
Mahabusarakam et al., Antimicrobial Activities of Chemical Constituents
from Garcinia mangostana Linn., 12 J. Sci. Soc. Thailand, pp. 239-242
(1986).
Chairungsrilerd et al., Histaminiergic and Serotonergic Receptor Blocking
Substances from the Medicinal Plant Garcinia mangostana, 62 Planta Medica,
pp. 471-472 (1996).
Chen et al., Active Constituents Against HIV-1 Protease from Garcinia
mangostana, 62 Planta Medica, pp. 381-382 (1996).
Mahabusarakam et al., Inhibition of Lipoprotein Oxidation by Prenylated
Xanthones Derived from Mangostin, 33 Free Rad. Res., pp. 643-659 (2000).
"www.foodmarketexchange.com" web page showing `Mangosteen wine ready to
make debut`, downloaded from Internet on Aug. 12, 2003.
"www.mistic.com" web page showing `Mistic Zotics--Thailand Mangosteen
Fruit`, downloaded from Internet on Nov. 9, 2002.
|
Primary Examiner: Tate; Christopher R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bean; Stephen H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A nutraceutical beverage comprising:
pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
a first juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree; and
at least one second juice selected from the group consisting of fruit juice
and vegetable juice.
2. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 1, wherein said at least one second
juice comprises fruit juice.
3. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 2, wherein said fruit juice is
comprised of at least one of apple juice, apricot juice, banana juice,
blueberry juice, cantaloupe juice, cherry juice, cranberry juice, grape
juice, grapefruit juice, kiwi fruit juice, orange juice, papaya juice,
pear juice, pear puree, pineapple juice, prune juice, raspberry juice and
strawberry juice.
4. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 1, wherein said at least one second
juice comprises vegetable juice.
5. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 4, wherein said vegetable juice is
comprised of at least one of alfalfa juice, carrot juice, celery juice,
green barley juice, green lettuce juice, kale juice, parsley juice,
spinach juice and tomato juice.
6. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 1, wherein said pericarp from fruit
of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree is processed from whole fruit pericarp.
7. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 6, wherein said pericarp comprises
ground pericarp.
8. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 6, wherein said pericarp comprises
powdered pericarp.
9. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 2 and claim 3, wherein said fruit
juice comprises juice from concentrate.
10. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 4 and claim 5, wherein said
vegetable juice comprises juice from concentrate.
11. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 1, wherein said juice comprises
juice from concentrate.
12. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein said juice from
concentrate is comprised of at least one of apple juice, blueberry juice,
cherry juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, pear juice, pear puree,
raspberry juice and strawberry juice.
13. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein said juice from
concentrate is comprised of at least one of blueberry juice, cherry juice,
cranberry juice, grape juice and pear juice.
14. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 6, claim 7 and claim 8 wherein said
second juice is comprised of juice from concentrate.
15. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree is approximately 3% to
50% of a total weight of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana
L. tree, said juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from concentrate.
16. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree is approximately 5% to
25% of a total weight of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana
L. tree, said juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from concentrate.
17. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree is approximately 10% to
20% of a total weight of said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana
L. tree, said juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said
juice from concentrate.
18. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree, said juice from
fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said juice from concentrate is
approximately 1:1.
19. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree, said juice from
fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said juice from concentrate is
approximately 3:1.
20. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 11, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree, said juice from
fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree and said juice from concentrate is
approximately 4:1.
21. A nutraceutical beverage comprising:
pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
a first juice from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree; and
a second juice, comprising at least one of apple juice; blueberry juice;
cherry juice; cranberry juice; grape juice; pear juice; pear puree;
raspberry juice; and strawberry juice.
22. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 21, wherein said second juice
comprises juice from concentrate.
23. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp and said first is approximately 3% to 50% of a total
weight of said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice.
24. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp and said first is approximately 5% to 25% of a total
weight of said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice.
25. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a percentage by weight
of said pericarp and said first is approximately 10% to 20% of a total
weight of said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice.
26. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice is approximately
1:1.
27. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice is approximately
3:1.
28. The nutraceutical beverage of claim 22, wherein a ratio of water to
said pericarp, said first juice and said second juice is approximately
4:1.
29. A nutraceutical composition, comprising:
pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree; and
at least one fruit or vegetable juice other than mangosteen juice combined
with said pericarp into a nutraceutical composition.
30. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said at least one
juice comprises fruit juice.
31. The nutraceutical composition of claim 30, wherein said fruit juice is
comprised of at least one of apple juice, blueberry juice, cherry juice,
cranberry juice, grape juice, pear juice, pear puree, raspberry juice and
strawberry juice.
32. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said at least one
juice comprises vegetable juice.
33. The nutraceutical composition of claim 32, wherein said vegetable juice
is comprised of at least one of alfalfa juice, carrot juice, celery juice,
green barley juice, green lettuce juice, kale juice, parsley juice,
spinach juice and tomato juice.
34. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, further comprising processed
fruit pulp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree.
35. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said at least one
juice comprises juice from concentrate.
36. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said at least one
juice comprises a juice powder.
37. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said nutraceutical
composition comprises a syrup.
38. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said nutraceutical
composition comprises a powdered drink mix.
39. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said nutraceutical
composition comprises a tablet.
40. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said nutraceutical
composition comprises a capsule.
41. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein the percentage by
weight of said pericarp and said juice is approximately 3% to 50% of the
total weight of said nutraceutical composition.
42. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein the percentage by
weight of said pericarp and said juice is approximately 5% to 25% of the
total weight of said nutraceutical composition.
43. The nutraceutical composition of claim 29, wherein the percentage by
weight of said pericarp and said juice is approximately 10% to 20% of the
total weight of said nutraceutical composition.
44. A nutraceutical beverage comprising:
processing fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
processing pericarp from fruit of a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
providing at least one fruit or vegetable juice other than mangosteen
juice; and
combining said processed fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said at
least one fruit or vegetable juice into a mixture.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein said providing comprises providing
fruit juice.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of apple juice, apricot juice, banana juice, blueberry juice,
cantaloupe juice, cherry juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, grapefruit
juice, kiwi fruit juice, orange juice, papaya juice, pear juice, pear
puree, pineapple juice, prune juice, raspberry juice and strawberry juice.
47. The method of claim 44, wherein said providing comprises providing
vegetable juice.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of alfalfa juice, carrot juice, celery juice, green barley
juice, green lettuce juice, kale juice, parsley juice, spinach juice and
tomato juice.
49. The method of claim 44, further comprising flash pasteurizing said
mixture.
50. The method of claim 44, wherein said providing comprises providing a
fruit or vegetable concentrate.
51. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said processed fruit pulp and said processed pericarp in an
amount of approximately 3% to 50% of the total weight of said processed
fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice concentrate.
52. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said processed fruit pulp and said processed pericarp in an
amount of approximately 5% to 25% of the total weight of said processed
fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice concentrate.
53. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said processed fruit pulp and said processed pericarp in an
amount of approximately 10% to 20% of the total weight of said processed
fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice concentrate.
54. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said processed fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice
concentrate of approximately 1:1.
55. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said processed fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice
concentrate of approximately 3:1.
56. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said processed fruit pulp, said processed pericarp and said juice
concentrate of approximately 4:1.
57. The method of claim 44, further comprising forming said mixture into a
syrup.
58. The method of claim 44, further comprising forming said mixture into a
powdered drink mix.
59. The method of claim 44, further comprising forming said mixture into a
tablet.
60. The method of claim 44, further comprising forming said mixture into a
capsule.
61. The method of claim 44, further comprising forming said mixture into a
beverage.
62. A method of preparing a nutraceutical composition, comprising:
grinding fruit from a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
grinding pericarp from a Garcinia mangostana L. tree;
providing at least one juice concentrate other than mangosteen juice
concentrate; and
combining said ground fruit pulp, said ground pericarp and said at least
one juice concentrate other than mangosteen juice concentrate into a
mixture.
63. The method of claim 62, wherein said providing comprises providing
fruit juice concentrate.
64. The method of claim 63, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of apple juice concentrate, apricot juice concentrate, banana
juice concentrate, blueberry juice concentrate, cantaloupe juice
concentrate, cherry juice concentrate, cranberry juice concentrate, grape
juice concentrate, grapefruit juice concentrate, kiwi fruit juice
concentrate, orange juice concentrate, papaya juice concentrate, pear
juice concentrate, pear puree concentrate, pineapple juice concentrate,
prune juice concentrate, raspberry juice concentrate and strawberry juice
concentrate.
65. The method of claim 62, wherein said providing comprises providing
vegetable juice concentrate.
66. The method of claim 65, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of alfalfa juice concentrate, carrot juice concentrate, celery
juice concentrate, green barley juice concentrate, green lettuce juice
concentrate, kale juice concentrate, parsley juice concentrate, spinach
juice concentrate and tomato juice concentrate.
67. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said ground fruit pulp and said ground pericarp in an amount of
approximately 3 to 50% of said mixture.
68. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said ground fruit pulp and said pericarp in an amount of
approximately 5 to 25% of said mixture.
69. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a percentage by
weight of said ground fruit pulp and said ground pericarp in an amount of
approximately 10 to 20% of said mixture.
70. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said ground fruit pulp, said ground pericarp and said at least one
juice concentrate other than mangosteen juice concentrate of approximately
1:1.
71. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said ground fruit pulp, said ground pericarp and said at least one
juice concentrate other than mangosteen juice concentrate of approximately
3:1.
72. The method of claim 62, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said ground fruit pulp, said ground pericarp and said at least one
juice concentrate other than mangosteen juice concentrate of approximately
4:1.
73. A method for preparing a nutraceutical beverage, comprising:
grinding whole pericarp from a Garcinia mangostana L. tree for form ground
whole pericarp;
providing at least one fruit or vegetable juice other than mangosteen
juice;
mixing said ground whole pericarp with said at least one fruit or vegetable
juice other than mangosteen juice to form a liquid pericarp mixture; and
bottling said liquid pericarp mixture.
74. The method of claim 73, further comprising pasteurizing said liquid
pericarp mixture before said bottling step.
75. The method of claim 73, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said liquid pericarp mixture of approximately 1:1.
76. The method of claim 73, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said liquid pericarp mixture of approximately 3:1.
77. The method of claim 73, further comprising providing a ratio of water
to said liquid pericarp mixture of approximately 4:1.
78. The method of claim 73, wherein said providing comprises providing
fruit juice.
79. The method of claim 78, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of apple juice, apricot juice, banana juice, blueberry juice,
cantaloupe juice, cherry juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, kiwi fruit
juice, orange juice, papaya juice, pear juice, pear puree, pineapple
juice, prune juice, raspberry juice and strawberry juice.
80. The method of claim 73, wherein said providing comprises providing
vegetable juice.
81. The method of claim 80, wherein said providing comprises providing at
least one of alfalfa juice, carrot juice, celery juice, green barley
juice, green lettuce juice, kale juice, parsley juice, spinach juice and
tomato juice.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to nutraceutical compositions derived from
the fruit of the Garcinia mangostana L. plant, otherwise known as the
mangosteen plant. More particularly, the present invention relates to
nutraceutical compositions comprising a mixture of the pulp and pericarp
of the mangosteen fruit.
2. Background and Related Art
The mangosteen tree (Garcinia mangostana L.) was named after the French
explorer Laurent Garcin (1683-1751) and has been cultivated for a
considerable time in tropical areas of the world. The tree is presumed to
have originated in South-east Asia or Indonesia and has largely remained
indigenous to the Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,
the Sunda Islands, and the Moluccas. Although the mangosteen fruit is
highly praised as one of the best tasting of all tropical fruits, it is
considered a minor tropical fruit, and the mangosteen tree has largely
piqued purely botanical interests over the years.
The mangosteen tree is a slow-growing, smooth evergreen tree that ranges
from 5 to 25 meters in height with a flaking black bark that contains a
yellow, resinous latex. The mangosteen tree bears fruit when 6 to 20 years
old, depending on location, and can continue to yield fruit for up to 100
years. The mangosteen fruit ripens to a dark reddish-violet to
black-violet color and is normally smooth or marked with brownish scars.
The pericarp, or rind, of the mangosteen fruit is thick, tough, and exudes
a bitter yellowish resin. Only about 25 to 30% of the mangosteen fruit
consists of the edible pulp or rind, with the remainder comprising the
tough, bitter pericarp. Each mangosteen fruit usually varies in weight
from 75 to 120 grams and normally contains 2 to 3 well-developed seeds.
Over the years, the mangosteen plant has been used in a number of different
ways. The timber is used for cabinets, building materials, fencing and
furniture. The pericarp, containing pectin, tannins, resins and a yellow
latex, is used in tanning and dyeing leather black. The fruit pulp is
mostly used as a dessert, but can also be canned or made into preserves.
However, when removing the fruit pulp from the rind, care must be taken to
prevent the tannins and resins of the cut pericarp from contacting the
fruit pulp. The mangosteen rind, leaves and bark have also been used as
ingredients in folk medicine in areas where the plant grows indigenously.
The thick mangosteen rind is used for treating catarrh, cystitis,
diarrhea, dysentery, eczema, fever, intestinal ailments, itch, and skin
ailments. The mangosteen leaves arc used by some natives in teas and other
decoctions for diarrhea, dysentery, fever, and thrush. It is also known
that concoctions of mangosteen bark can be used for genitourinary
afflictions and stomatosis.
Some of the medicinal properties of the Garcinia mangostana L. plant have
been the subject of pharmacological and clinical studies. These studies
have isolated chemical constituents in the mangosteen leaves, wood,
pericarp and seed aril, which were found to contain the following
biologically active compounds, among others:
1,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) xanthone,
1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) xanthone, maclurin,
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy xanthone, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy
xanthone-O-.beta.-D-glucoside, chrysanthemin,
cyaniding-3-O-.beta.-D-sophoroside, 8-deoxygartanin,
1,5-dihydroxy-2-isopentenyl-3-methoxy xanthone,
1,7-dihydroxy-2-isopentenyl-3-methoxy xanthone,
5,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)2(H),
6(H)-pyrano-(3,2,6)-xanthen-6-one, fructose, garcinone A,B,C, D and E,
gartanin, glucose, cis-hex-3-enyl acetate, 3-isomangostin, 3-isomangostin
hydrate, 1-isomangostin, 1-isomangostin hydrate, kolanone, mangostin,
.beta.-mangostin, .alpha.-mangostin, mangostin-3,6-di-O-gulcoside,
normangostin, sucrose, tannins, BR-xanthone-A, BR-xanthone-B,
calabaxanthone
demethylcalabaxanthone,2-(.gamma.,.gamma.-dimethylallyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-m
ethoxyxanthone,
2,8-bis-(.gamma.,.gamma.-dimethylallyl)-1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone,
1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-2,4-diprenylxanthone, and mangostanol. Many of these
chemical constituents are xanthones, which are biologically active
compounds that are receiving increasing interest in pharmacological
studies for a variety of health benefits.
However, despite the pharmacological benefits of individual xanthone
compounds and the native medicinal uses of the bark, leaves and rind of
the mangosteen plant in Southeast Asia and Indonesia, a nutraceutical
composition containing the holistic benefits of the entire mangosteen
fruit, including the fruit pulp and pericarp, is not known. In fact, it is
recognized that when preparing the fruit pulp for consumption, care should
be taken to separate from the delicious inner fruit pulp the outer
pericarp with its resins and tannins, which are traditionally used to
treat and stain leathers.
There exists a need in the nutritional arts for a nutraceutical composition
that offers the health benefits of the entire mangosteen fruit, including
the pulp and the pericarp. There also exists a need for a nutraceutical
composition rich in natural xanthones for treating a variety of human
ailments and conditions in an efficacious manner. Further, there is a need
in the art for a natural xanthone product that is economical to
manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to nutraceutical compositions derived from
the fruit of the Garcinia mangostana L., or mangosteen plant. More
particularly, the present invention relates to efficacious nutraceutical
compositions rich in natural xanthones that include the pulp and the
pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. These compositions preferably comprise a
mixture of mangosteen fruit pulp and pericarp with selected juice
concentrates. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of
preparing nutraceutical compositions of Garcinia mangostana L. plant that
yield efficacious health supplements rich in natural xanthones. Further,
the methods of preparing the mangosteen nutraceutical compositions are
economical to operate.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a nutraceutical
composition that contributes to general human wellness and good health
through a novel mixture of the pericarp and pulp of the fruit of the
Garcinia mangostana L. plant. The effectiveness of this mixture is
heightened through the addition of selected juice concentrates in varying
amounts.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a nutraceutical
composition that offers the holistic benefits of the entire mangosteen
fruit and is an efficacious source of natural xanthone compounds.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide an
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory composition containing a therapeutic
amount of natural xanthones derived from the Garcinia mangostana L. plant.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a xanthone-rich
natural product with antioxidative properties.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a nutraceutical
composition of Garcinia mangostana L. plant with beneficial antibacterial
action.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a process for
preparing nutraceutical compositions of the Garcinia mangostana L. plant
yielding the holistic benefits of the unique combination of mangosteen
fruit pulp and pericarp, either alone or with complementary and enhancing
juice concentrates.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an economical
process for manufacturing nutraceutical compositions of the entire fruit
of the Garcinia mangostana L. plant.
The foregoing and other objects, advantages and characterizing features
will become apparent from the following description of certain
illustrative embodiments of the invention.
While the methods and processes of the present invention have proven to be
particularly useful in the area of nutritional health supplements, those
skilled in the art can appreciate that the methods and processes can be
used in a variety of different applications and in a variety of different
areas of manufacture to satisfy a wide-ranging variety of pharmaceutical
and medicinal needs.
The above-described features and advantages of the present invention, as
well as additional features and advantages, will be set forth or will
become more fully apparent in the description that follows and in the
appended claims. The novel features which are considered characteristic of
this invention are set forth in the attached claims. Furthermore, the
features and advantages of the invention may be learned by the practice of
the invention, or will be obvious to one skilled in the art from the
description, as set forth hereinafter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to nutraceutical compositions derived from
the Garcinia mangostana L. plant, otherwise known as the mangosteen plant.
In particular, the compositions of the invention described herein uniquely
provide natural xanthone compounds through the combination of the pulp and
pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, along with selected juice and other
phytochemical ingredients. The invention also relates to processes for
manufacturing the nutraceutical compositions described herein in an
economical manner.
It is understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose
of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit
the scope of the present invention. It is also understood that, as used
herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the"
include plural reference, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
In the disclosure and in the claims, the term "nutraceutical" shall refer
to "any compounds or chemicals that can provide dietary or health benefits
when consumed by humans or animals."
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein
have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in
the art to which this invention belongs. Preferred methods, compositions,
and materials of the present invention are described herein, although any
methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can
by used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All
references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The Garcinia mangostana L. plant, or mangosteen plant, is known for a
variety of uses in the areas to which it is indigenous. For example, there
are a number of folk medicines in South-east Asia and Indonesia that
employ various decoctions of the leaves, root, and bark of the mangosteen
plant, as well as of the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. For example,
according to the literature, the thick mangosteen pericarp can be used as
an astringent or in various decoctions for treating catarrh, cystitis,
diarrhea, dysentery, eczema, fever, intestinal ailments, itch, and skin
ailments. Other medicinal uses of the leaves, root and bark would be known
to one of skill in the art. Also, the outer pericarp of the mangosteen
fruit, which contains pectins, tannins, resins and a yellow latex, is used
for treating and staining leather black.
In contrast to the thick outer pericarp, the edible inner pulp of the
mangosteen fruit is widely regarded for its exquisite taste. The inner
pulp of a single mangosteen fruit usually consists of four to eight juicy,
white-colored segments. When preparing the white pulp segments for
consumption, care must be taken so as to not stain the pulp segments with
the resins and tannins and other matter that oozes out of the cut outer
pericarp. The need to keep the delicious white pulp separate from the dark
purple, staining, bitter pericarp has long been known to those familiar
with the mangosteen fruit.
Xanthones are biologically active plant phenols that naturally occur in a
restricted group of plants. The general structure of a xanthone is:
##STR1##
From a biosynthetic standpoint, they are related to the flavonoids, being
formed by the condensation of a phenylpropanoid precursor with two instead
of three malonyl coenzyme A units. Xanthones possess significant
pharmacological properties, including antidepressant, antitubercular,
antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, antileukaemic,
antitumor, antiulcer, antihepatotoxic, antiallergenic, and antirhinoviral
activities and actions.
Pharmacological and botanical researchers have discovered that the
medicinal properties of the mangosteen pericarp can be attributed to
natural xanthones contained in the rind. The unrelated plant families
Gentianaceae and Gutterferae are largely where naturally occurring
hydroxanthones and their methyl ethers are found. The Garcinia mangostana
L. plant, which contains a large number of naturally occurring xanthones,
belongs within the Gutterferae family of plants.
Recent research has shown that the y-mangostin compound, a natural xanthone
found in the Garcinia mangostana L. plant, inhibits type A and type B
monoamine oxidases as well as cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E.sub.2
synthesis. (Nakatani et al., 63 Biochemical Pharmacology 73-79 (2002)).
Under normal conditions in the brain, the levels of prostaglandin E.sub.2
(PGE.sub.2) are very low or even undetectable. However, during episodes of
tissue inflammation, multiple sclerosis, and AIDS-related dementia,
PGE.sub.2 levels rise, and can affect the activities of neurons, glial,
and endothelial cells. High levels of PGE.sub.2 also affect
microglia/macrophage and lymphocyte functions. It is widely understood
that the generation of prostaglandins is associated with inflammation,
pain and fever.
Cyclooxygenase is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin production.
There are two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), constitutive (COX-1) and
inducible (COX-2), which is expressed in response to inflammation stimuli.
The xanthone .gamma.-mangostin is found to directly inhibit activity of
both COX isoforms as well as PGE.sub.2 synthesis, which makes this
xanthone desirable in the treatment of inflammatory conditions as well as
symptoms of fever and pain. The nutraceutical compositions of the present
invention offer therapeutic amounts of important xanthones, including
.gamma.-mangostin, from a natural source to provide increased health and
general wellness in humans.
In the present invention, it has been discovered that a mixture of the
mangosteen pericarp and fruit pulp in a single nutraceutical composition
yields surprising health benefits. The efficacy of this xanthone-rich
mixture of mangosteen pericarp and pulp is enhanced through the addition
of selected juice and phytochemical ingredients, which are believed to
synergistically react with the natural xanthone compounds. In a preferred
embodiment of the invention, the mixture of mangosteen fruit pulp and
pericarp is complemented by the addition of one or more juice concentrates
selected from the group consisting of alfalfa juice concentrate, apple
juice concentrate, apricot juice concentrate, banana juice concentrate,
blueberry juice concentrate, cantaloupe juice concentrate, carrot juice
concentrate, celery juice concentrate, cherry juice concentrate, cranberry
juice concentrate, grape juice concentrate, grapefruit juice concentrate,
green barley juice concentrate, green lettuce juice concentrate, kale
juice concentrate, kiwi fruit juice concentrate, orange juice concentrate,
papaya juice concentrate, parsley juice concentrate, pear juice
concentrate, pear puree, pineapple juice concentrate, prune juice
concentrate, raspberry juice concentrate, spinach juice concentrate,
strawberry juice concentrate and tomato juice concentrate.
The nutraceutical compositions of the present invention deliver therapeutic
amounts of natural xanthone compounds derived from the mangosteen fruit
pulp and pericarp mixture. In one embodiment of the present invention, the
mixture of mangosteen fruit pulp and pericarp is present in an amount
ranging from between 3 and 50%, preferably between 5 and 25%, and most
preferably between 10 and 20% of the total weight of mangosteen mixture
and selected juice concentrates. In another embodiment of the invention,
the nutraceutical composition comprising mangosteen fruit pulp and
pericarp is formulated for oral administration. However, the present
compositions can be delivered in any form known in the art, such as
tablets, capsules, dispersions, solutions, suspensions, transdermal
delivery systems, etc. If the mangosteen pericarp and fruit pulp mixture
is complemented with selected juice concentrates, then a liquid beverage
is a convenient delivery form, but other delivery forms are equally
efficacious and would simply require the use of powders or other
equivalent forms of the juice concentrates. Tablets or capsule forms of
the present nutraceutical compositions can be prepared and coated by
methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. When the
nutraceutical compositions of the present invention are presented in
liquid beverage form, the ratio of water to mangosteen mixture and
selected juice concentrates can be 1:1, preferably 3:1 and most preferably
4:1.
The nutraceutical compositions of the present invention can be produced
through large-scale, economical operations. In one embodiment of the
invented process, whole fruit from the Garcinia mangostana L. plant is
picked and transported to a production facility. The fresh fruit can kept
at ambient air temperatures during transportation or it can be frozen,
depending on need. The entire mangosteen fruit, including the fruit pulp
and pericarp, is then ground into a pulp and pericarp mixture using
commercial grinding or mixing equipment. The resulting mixture of
mangosteen fruit pulp and pericarp can then be further processed through
the addition of one or more of the selected juice concentrates listed
above. In preferred embodiments of the beverage form of the invention, the
selected juice concentrates and water are then added to the mixture in
accordance with the amounts, ranges and ratios specified above. The liquid
nutraceutical compositions can then be treated, bottled or packaged for
distribution to consumers using a variety of methods known to those of
ordinary skill in the art, such as pasteurization, flash pasteurization,
sterilization, UHT sterilization, pressure sealing, freezing, freeze
drying, irradiating, etc. Dehydrated and other forms of the nutraceutical
compositions can also be prepared using standard techniques.
The effectiveness in improving general health and wellness of the
nutraceutical mangosteen compositions described herein is demonstrated
from the following clinical examples, which are listed for illustrative
purposes only and are not meant to be limiting instances of therapeutic
use. A therapeutic composition of the mangosteen fruit pulp and pericarp
mixture was prepared according to the embodiments described herein. Each
subject ingested 3 ounces of the beverage daily for a three week period.
The following qualitative results were obtained:
EXAMPLE 1
The subject was a 62-year-old female suffering from chronic back pain,
nausea and chronic vertigo. Prior to the study, the pack pain was treated
with oral doses of morphine three times a day. After a regiment of the
mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject experienced improved
energy, less nausea and a decrease in the vertigo symptoms.
EXAMPLE 2
The subject was a 56-year-old male suffering from chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, muscle aches, fatigue and dysthemia. After a regiment
of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject experienced
improvement in mood, energy and muscle aches in the shoulders and back.
EXAMPLE 3
The subject was a 55-year-old male suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject
experienced regularization of bowel movements.
EXAMPLE 4
The subject was a 30-year-old male suffering from chronic neck pain,
familial hyperlipidemia, fatigue and insomnia. After a regiment of the
mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject experienced improved
energy and a decrease in low-density lipoproteins.
EXAMPLE 5
The subject was a 52-year-old male suffering from hypokelemia, fatigue and
weight gain. After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition,
the subject experienced improved energy and a normalization of potassium
levels.
EXAMPLE 6
The subject was a 63-year-old female suffering from degenerative arthritis,
C-difficile colitis, fatigue, decreased appetite hypokelemia, and numbness
of the fingers and toes. After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical
composition, the subject experienced improvement in colitis, reduction of
pain in wrists and hands and a normalization of potassium levels.
EXAMPLE 7
The subject was a 66-year-old male suffering from a severe allergy reaction
causing desquamation of palms, fingers, soles of feet and the inside of
the mouth and esophagus. After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical
composition, the subject was completely cured.
EXAMPLE 8
The subject was a 57-year-old male suffering from malaise, muscle aches,
hepatitis, glomerionephritis, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. After a
regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject
experienced a 30 point decrease in low-density lipoproteins, a 10 point
increase in high-density lipoproteins, improved energy, a 14-pound weight
loss and the malaise was eliminated.
EXAMPLE 9
The subject was a 30-year-old male suffering from a chronic dermal rash.
After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the rash was
completely eliminated.
EXAMPLE 10
The subject was a 25-year-old female suffering from low energy levels.
After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject
experienced increased energy.
EXAMPLE 11
The subject was a 28-year-old female suffering from extreme fatigue and
depression. After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition,
the subject experienced a significant increase in energy.
EXAMPLE 12
The subject was a 26-year-old female suffering from irritable bowel
syndrome. After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition,
the subject experienced a decrease in cramping and stool frequency and
increased energy.
EXAMPLE 13
The subject was a 32-year-old male marathon runner and iron man competitor.
After a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject
experienced increased energy levels.
EXAMPLE 14
The subject was a 70-year-old female suffering from severe arthritis. After
a regiment of the mangosteen nutraceutical composition, the subject
experienced complete elimination of arthritic symptoms and increased
energy.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described
embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and
not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by
the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes
that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to
be embraced within their scope.
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